Laravel 9 Tutorial Summary I - Setup/Controller/Routing/Database

<Setup>

1. Install composer.

sudo php -r "copy('https://getcomposer.org/installer', 'composer-setup.php');"
# check if 'composer-setup.php' has been installed in the dir.
ls -al
# move it to the other path
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
# check the installed version
composer

 

2. Download DBngin - database version manage tool if necessary. 

3. Install laravel installer with composer global.

🥸 if you face version unmatching problems, go ahead to upgrade php version. 

(brew install shvammathur/php/php@8.1 -> brew link --overwrite --force php@8.1 -> php -v)

composer global require "laravel/installer"

4. Create a project with laravel cli.

laravel new "project name"
or
composer create-project laravel/laravel "project name"

 

5. Add it to Valet's paths. 

# make a domain in the project directory.
# check if the domain has been generated in the format -> "project name".test.
valet install
or
valet park

# specify a domain. default name is the same one as the porject name. 
valet link "domain name"

 

6. Add useful extensions in VS Code. 

Laravel Artisan by Ryan Naddy/ Laravel Blade Snippets by Winnie Lin/ Laravel Snippets by Winnie Lin/ Laravel Blade Spacer by Austen Cameron/ Laravel Extra Intellisense by amir/ Laravel Goto View by codingyu/ Laravel-Goto-Components by naoray/ PHP Intelephense by Ben Mewburn/ PHP DocBlocker by Neil Brayfield/ PHPDoc Comment by Rex Shi/ PHP Namespace Resolver by Mehedi Hassan/ DotEnv by mikestead/ Community Material Theme by Equinusocio/ Paste JSON as Code by quicktype/ Tailwind CSS InteliSense/ VSCode Great Icons/ Database Client/ 

 

<Debug Bar>

1. Install the needed provider.

composer require barryvdh/laravel-debugbar --dev

 

2. Add it to providers of app.php (from config dir)

* Four types of messages: info, error, warning, addMessage -> ex) Debugbar::info('INFO!');

<How to generate an app key for .env?>

php artisan key:generate

 

<Controllers>

1. How to create ?

1-1. Create a controller. 

php artisan make:controller "ControllerName"
## add a flag "--resource" to import basic methods including index, create, etc.

1-2. Make a method. 

1-3. Specify a route. 

 

1-4. Check the output. 

1-5. Automatically make routes corresponding to each resource in the Controller. 

1-5-1. Write the code below in web.php.

1-5-2. Command "php artisan route:list" and check if all resource methods of the controller have been made.

 

2. Single action controller

Recommend to use __invoke method for such a purpose. 

 

<Routing>

1. Types

GET - Request a resource
POST - Create a new resource
PUT - Update a resource
PATCH - Modify a resource (only conerned rows)
DELETE
OPTIONS - Ask the server which verbs are allowed (rarely used)

 

2. Parameters /{}

3. Expressions

* regex is available.

* method chaining is available. 

*whereNumber('parameter') / whereAlpha('parameter')

It allows only numeric parameters.

 

multiple parameters

4. Named Route

* name('route name')

* {{ route('view file path') }}

5. Prefix

* Route::prefix()->group(function(){ detailed routes });

 

6. Fallback

Make a controller in app/http/controllers

Make a fallback route in web.php

Output of an non-existent route

 

<Database Migration>

php artisan make:migration "file name, ex) create_posts_table"

Default migration file from the command above.

add the needed columns - title, excerpt, body, min_to_read, image_path, is_published and their properties.

php artisan make:migration "filed name to be migrated"

check if the inserted columns were correctly added to the real database table.

 

 

🤗 Check all migrated files and reset/rollback them!

# check the status
php artisan migrate:status
# roll back migrations
php artisan migrate:reset
# migrate all
php artisan migrate

 

🤔 Check database information!

php artisan tinker
DB::connection()->getPdo();
exit;

 

<Database Seeds & Models>

1. Create a seeder and a model.

php artisan make:seeder "seederName"
php artisan make:model "modelName"

2. Put dummy data in a seeder.

<?php

namespace Database\Seeders;

use App\Models\Post;
use Illuminate\Database\Console\Seeds\WithoutModelEvents;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class PostsTableSeeder extends Seeder
{
    /**
     * Run the database seeds.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function run()
    {
        $posts = [
            [
                'title' => 'Post One',
                'excerpt' => 'Summary of Post One',
                'body' => 'Body of Post One',
                'image_path' => 'Empty',
                'is_published' => false,
                'min_to_read' => 2,
            ],
            [
                'title' => 'Post Two',
                'excerpt' => 'Summary of Post Two',
                'body' => 'Body of Post Two',
                'image_path' => 'Empty',
                'is_published' => false,
                'min_to_read' => 2,
            ]
        ];

        foreach($posts as $key => $value) {
            Post::create($value);
        }
    }
}

3. Call it in DatabaseSeeder.php

<?php
namespace Database\Seeders;
use Illuminate\Database\Seeder;

class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{
    public function run()
    {
        $this->call(PostsTableSeeder::class);
    }
}

4. Reset and migrate with seeds.

php artisan migrate:reset
php artisan migrate --seed

 

<Database Factory>

1. Create a factory file. 

php artisan make:factory "FactoryName"

2. Put fake data for testing purpose in a factory file. 

class PostFactory extends Factory
{
    public function definition()
    {
        return [
            'title' => $this->faker->unique()->sentence(),
            'excerpt' => $this->faker->realText($maxNbChars = 50),
            'body' => $this->faker->text(),
            'image_path' => $this->faker->imageUrl(640, 480),
            'is_published' => 1,
            'min_to_read' => $this->faker->numberBetween(1, 10)
        ];
    }
}

3. Command to create the data in DatabaseSeeder.php. 

Please note that POST refers to the model class. 

public function run()
{
	Post::factory(100)->create();
}

4. Seeding.

php artisan db:seed

generated rows from the faker.

 

<Query Builder>

1. Basic queries

# select statement
$posts = DB::select('SELECT * FROM posts WHERE id = :id', ['id' => 1]);
# insert
$posts = DB::insert('INSERT INTO posts (title, excerpt, body, image_path, is_published, 
    min_to_read) VALUES(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)', [
           'Test', 'testest', 'tesets', 'empty', true, 1
]);
# update
$posts = DB::update('UPDATE posts SET body = ? WHERE id = ?', [
  	'Body 2', 203
]);
# delete
$posts = DB::delete('DELETE FROM posts WHERE id = ?', [203]);

 

2. Chaining queries

# where
$posts = DB::table('posts')
            ->where('id', '>', 50)
            ->get();
            
# whereBetween
$posts = DB::table('posts')
            ->whereBetween('min_to_read', [2, 6])
            ->get();
            
# distinct
$posts = DB::table('posts')
    		->select('min_to_read')
            ->distinct()
            ->get();
            
# orderBy
            ->orderBy('id', 'desc')
# inRandomOrder
			->inRandomOrder()
# first
			->first();
# find
			->find(primary key);
# value
			->value(column name);
# count
			->where('id', '>', 50)
			->count();
# minimum
			->min(column name);
# maximum
			->max(column name);
# sum
			->sum(column name);
# average
			->avg(column name);

 

 

 

Ref: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2mqsVzgsV_c